All languages combined extraction errors

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms borrowed from English", "Chinese terms derived from English", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "en", "3": "ream"}, "expansion": "English ream", "name": "bor"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ream.", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Classifier for reams of paper."], "links": [["ream", "ream"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "liing"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "līm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "líhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/liːm⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len²"}, {"ipa": "/len⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/liːm⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/len⁵⁵/"}], "word": "令"}

令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms borrowed from English", "Chinese terms derived from English", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "en", "3": "ream"}, "expansion": "English ream", "name": "bor"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ream.", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Classifier for reams of paper."], "links": [["ream", "ream"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "liing"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "līm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "líhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/liːm⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len²"}, {"ipa": "/len⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/liːm⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/len⁵⁵/"}], "word": "令"}

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese classifiers", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms borrowed from English", "Chinese terms derived from English", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "en", "3": "ream"}, "expansion": "English ream", "name": "bor"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ream.", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Classifier for reams of paper."], "links": [["ream", "ream"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lǐng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "liing"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "līm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "líhng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "lim¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/liːm⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ¹³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len²"}, {"ipa": "/len⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"other": "/ lim¹ /"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/liːm⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/len⁵⁵/"}], "word": "令"}

令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

令 (Chinese character) 令/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 令", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Intermediate Mandarin", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "令"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(りょう) (ryō)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "れい", "gloss": ""}, "expansion": "令(れい) (rei)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "lệnh", "bor": "1", "id": "令", "t": "", "tr": "令"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "令", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "令", "j2": "れい", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "", "o": "令", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "令", "v": "令", "v2": "lành", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": ""}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "りょう", "3": "", "4": "lệnh", "j2": "れい", "v2": "lành"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (令):\n* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)\n* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "ic", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": ""}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "亼", "2": "卩", "ls": "ic"}, "expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "命", "2": "order"}, "expansion": "命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "令狐"}, "expansion": "令狐 (Línghú)", "name": "zh-l"}], "etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.\nUsually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).", "forms": [{"form": "炩"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "令", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["to order; to command"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"]]}, {"glosses": ["order; command; directive"], "links": [["order", "order"], ["command", "command"], ["directive", "directive"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngrén", "text": "令人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["cause", "cause"], ["allow", "allow"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["governor; magistrate (official title)"], "links": [["governor", "governor"], ["magistrate", "magistrate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) governor; magistrate (official title)"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令問笑談，非錢不發。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty", "roman": "Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "令问笑谈，非钱不发。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "It was in new spring, in a fair month,\nWhen the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.\nPlum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white\nAnd the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.", "raw_tags": ["MSC", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū", "roman": "Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["good; excellent"], "links": [["good", "good"], ["excellent", "excellent"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) good; excellent"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["time; season"], "links": [["time", "time"], ["season", "season"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) time; season"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms"], "glosses": ["drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "links": [["drinker", "drinker"], ["wager", "wager"], ["game", "game"], ["drinking game", "drinking game"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game"], "tags": ["in-compounds", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "your father", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìngzūn", "text": "令尊", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嬡", "type": "example"}, {"english": "your daughter", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "lìng'ài", "text": "令嫒", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["your"], "links": [["your", "your"]], "qualifier": "respectful", "raw_glosses": ["(respectful) your"]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "ditty", "word": "小令"}], "categories": ["Chinese redlinks/zh-l", "Chinese short forms", "zh:Poetry"], "glosses": ["Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "links": [["poetry", "poetry"], ["小令", "小令#Chinese"]], "raw_glosses": ["(poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”)."], "tags": ["abbreviation", "alt-of"], "topics": ["communications", "journalism", "literature", "media", "poetry", "publishing", "writing"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "nin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lêng⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ling⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lìng"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "linq"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "лин"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "lihng"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "ling⁶"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "len⁵"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lin⁵"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "lin"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ling³"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "lēng"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "lêng"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "līng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "leng"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangpu"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "lĕng"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "lin^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³lin"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/lin²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "lin⁴"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljeng"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "ljengH"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "lengH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reŋs/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*reːŋs/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/nin²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/len³²/"}, {"ipa": "/lin¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/liŋ⁴⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/leiŋ⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/liɪŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/lɛŋ³³/"}, {"ipa": "/leŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/lin²³/"}, {"ipa": "/lin⁴⁵/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ/"}, {"other": "/*riŋ-s/"}, {"other": "/*reŋ/"}, {"other": "/*reŋs/"}, {"other": "/*reːŋs/"}], "synonyms": [{"roman": "xiàlìng", "word": "下令"}, {"roman": "fēnfù", "word": "吩咐"}, {"roman": "mìnglìng", "word": "命令"}, {"roman": "zhǐlìng", "word": "指令"}, {"roman": "shēnlìng", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "申令"}, {"roman": "zhuólìng", "word": "著令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "號令"}, {"roman": "hàolìng", "word": "号令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "責令"}, {"roman": "zélìng", "word": "责令"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "責成"}, {"roman": "zéchéng", "word": "责成"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "飭令"}, {"raw_tags": ["in official documents"], "roman": "chìlìng", "tags": ["dated", "usually"], "word": "饬令"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上級給下級的指示"}, {"roman": "shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì", "word": "上级给下级的指示"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "誡命"}, {"roman": "jièmìng", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "诫命"}, {"roman": "shǐ", "sense": "to cause", "word": "使"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "讓"}, {"roman": "ràng", "sense": "to cause", "word": "让"}, {"roman": "ling6 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "tags": ["Cantonese"], "word": "令到"}, {"roman": "gaau2 dou3", "sense": "to cause", "word": "搞到"}, {"roman": "jìhòu", "tags": ["dialectal"], "word": "季候"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季節"}, {"roman": "jìjié", "word": "季节"}, {"word": "時令"}, {"word": "时令"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "時節"}, {"roman": "shíjié", "word": "时节"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "歲時"}, {"roman": "suìshí", "word": "岁时"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "氣候"}, {"roman": "qìhòu", "tags": ["literary"], "word": "气候"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "節後"}, {"english": "season and climate", "roman": "jiéhòu", "word": "节后"}, {"roman": "jiǔlìng", "sense": "drinker's wager game", "word": "酒令"}], "word": "令"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

All languages combined Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

令/Chinese/character